The Turbo CO2 Bio-System is a complete, efficient system for the production and diffusion of CO2 for aquariums up to 160 liters / 40 gal. ? Encourages vibrant plant growth & vitality ? Natural biological fermentation process ? No high-pressure components required. ? Unique diffuser pump with CO2 venturi injector o Injects micro bubbles from bottom of aquarium o Optimum diffusion of generated CO2 o Enables lower CO2 diffusion rate at night ? Includes components for 1 months supply of CO2 ? For continued use, use Red Sea?s Bio Generator Refill Kit Carbon Dioxide for Aquatic Plants For plants to grow, they form carbohydrates out of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water, using light as the energy source. This process is called photosynthesis. Although they are called "aquatic plants", most aquarium plants are swamp plants that grow in their natural habitat with at least part of their leaves above the water line, and are adapted to take up gaseous CO2 from the atmosphere. In the aquarium, placed entirely under water, most plants are only able to use the CO2 that is dissolved in the water. In a well-planted aquarium CO2 is in great demand and if not added regularly will become the most dominant factor limiting plant growth. Since photosynthesis uses light as the energy source, photosynthesis only takes place during daylight. Due to the lack of light energy at night the photosynthesis process is reversed so that the plants actually release some CO2 into the water. While CO2 is essential for plants, too much CO2 can reduce the pH of the aquarium water to levels that are stressful for fish and therefore CO2 diffusion into the aquarium should be reduced at night. To ensure correct levels of CO2 at all times it is recommended to use a CO2 monitor like the Red Sea CO2 Indicator, which gives an easy-to-read, continuous, qualitative visual indication of the current CO2 level in a freshwater aquarium. Turbo CO2 Bio-System Diagram 1 ? Product Components 1. Reactor Body 2. Reactor Lid 3. Silicone tube 4. Diffusion pump 5. Venturi CO2 Generation In the Reactor of the Turbo CO2 Bio-System, yeast breaks down sugar in a natural biological process that generates CO2, which is released as a gas. The reaction Media provided has been specially treated to ensure a stable production of CO2 for approximately 30 days, after which time the reaction Media should be replaced. This biological process is affected by temperature. It works best at temperatures that are normal for freshwater tropical aquariums with slight variations of CO2 generation rate and production period according to the actual conditions. At higher temperatures CO2 will be generated at a faster rate but the CO2 generation period will be reduced. At lower temperatures the reaction will slow down and under 15OC / 59OF it may stop completely.